The concept of perceu - Hisham Soliman 'Toward an Islamic Concept of Peace' in "The Potential for Peacebuilding in Islam"Volume 2. Issue 2, Spring 2009 A Study of World's Major Religions" Goodword Books

 
Historical background. Peace and conflict studies is both a pedagogical activity, in which teachers transmit knowledge to students; and a research activity, in which researchers create new knowledge about the sources of conflict. Peace and conflict studies entails understanding the concept of peace which is defined as political condition that ... . U 18chan

and precise definition of this concept, though, is the connotation of various gradations of peaceful relations in the international system. That is, the basic concept of peace encompasses two related but distinct meanings. First, in the simple and narrow view, the cessation or lack of hostilities is both a necessary and sufficient condition forA deep irony underlies the concept of peace in these three great Western religious systems. Christianity, for example, gave rise to one of the great warrior traditions in the world, yet it is unique among Western religions in the degree to which it was founded upon a message of peace, love, and nonviolence. to the concept of peace. These words share the root sam-vii meaning people do things together, which is also shared by the Sanskrit word referring to war (samit). On the basis of this morphological derivation, both peace and war are produced by the collective, rather than individuals. No single nor simple explanation of what builds peace or createMar 1, 2022 · Here are some important benefits of Peace in Islam: Peace is a mental peace without disturbing thoughts. Peace is dedicated our lives to prayer or spirituality. Peace is to embrace feelings rather than ignoring. Peace is recognizing our control over our moods. Peace is taking responsibility for your reactions. In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: / ˈ p ɜː r. s i. ə s /, UK: / ˈ p ɜː. sj uː s /; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty . He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon , the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles . [1] The Gada system is an indigenous institution that pervades every aspect of an Oromo life including personal, interpersonal, social, economic and political life. The Oromo concept of peace is comprehensive and broader than western conception of absence of violence. It covers both negative and positive peace, intra-personal peace, interpersonal ...The significance of the reconciliation among the divided and combatant groups has been stressed in the Yodhajiva story of Samyuttanikaya. 13 The Concept of Global Peace: In ancient Indian period, it has been revealed that in post veidic period, the Aryans has vogue so kind of yajna in name of heaven where hundreds of cows and other animals were ...Peace has several pillars of meaning in the Arabic context. Language-wise, the word for peace in Arabic is Salam. Definition-wise, it would be very different from one person to another, but mainly peace is coming with good intentions, peace is the lack of violence, peace is the lack of wars. So, it’s a very big word.Peacebuilding is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict. It revolves around developing constructive personal, group, and political relationships across ethnic, religious, class, national, and racial boundaries.In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: / ˈ p ɜː r. s i. ə s /, UK: / ˈ p ɜː. sj uː s /; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty . He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon , the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles . [1]On the right is the nefer hieroglyph. ( Wikimedia Commons) Besides meaning “peace” in the Ramesses-Hattušili treaty, the word hetep has other senses, including “rest,” “offering,” and “contentment.”. Hetep is the “rest” of a deity in its shrine, the dead in the tomb, and the Egyptian king on the throne. As “offering ...ABSTRACT. This article explores the African religious, cultural and philosophical dimensions of peace, conflict and conflict transformation. It seeks to examine African traditional religious and philosophical ideas as resources for the promotion of peace and justice and their implications for intra-state and inter-state conflict resolution activities. Apr 30, 2016 · concept of peace goes beyond the human domain. Peace is a pervasive and sustained concern in moral life. The long blessings that are given daily by Oromo elders Jan 1, 2002 · According to I.M. Harris and M.L.Morrison (2003), peace education is both a philosophy and a process that involves the acquisition of skills, attitudes and knowledge to create a safe world, to ... The concept of democratic peace must be distinguished from the claim that democracies are in general more peaceful than nondemocratic countries. Whereas the latter claim is controversial, the claim that democratic states do not fight each other is widely regarded as true by scholars and practitioners of international relations.The same factors that create lasting peace also lead to many other positive outcomes that societies aspire to, including: thriving economies. better performance on ecological measures. high levels ...3.2 CONCEPTS AND UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES Table 3.1 presents concepts of peace, loosely organized according to whether the concept is integrated within a cultural-religious system, or a secular, cross-cultural concept (which is empirical, abstract, or normative). 6 Not all concepts of peace or variations of those shown can be tabled, 7 but I believe the major ones are included. 8 Here are some important benefits of Peace in Islam: Peace is a mental peace without disturbing thoughts. Peace is dedicated our lives to prayer or spirituality. Peace is to embrace feelings rather than ignoring. Peace is recognizing our control over our moods. Peace is taking responsibility for your reactions.Abstract. This article examines the concept of peace from the perspective of the Bible and the Qur'an, in this respect, the researchers see some similarities and diversities instead of from ...Of course, shalom also denotes the opposite of war, as in “a time for war, and a time for peace” (Ecclesiastes 3:8), for the absence of war, too, suggests an orderly, prosperous, and tranquil state of affairs.A deep irony underlies the concept of peace in these three great Western religious systems. Christianity, for example, gave rise to one of the great warrior traditions in the world, yet it is unique among Western religions in the degree to which it was founded upon a message of peace, love, and nonviolence.UNDERSTANDING PEACE Peace as absence of violence is called the traditional notion of peace. Later the definition of peace has been extended to include human rights, equality between men and women, social justice and ecological balance which is now considered as positive peace. Therefore, we understand peace as the followings; Absence of war and ...Peacebuilding is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict. It revolves around developing constructive personal, group, and political relationships across ethnic, religious, class, national, and racial boundaries.Peacebuilding is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict. It revolves around developing constructive personal, group, and political relationships across ethnic, religious, class, national, and racial boundaries. 2 THE CONCEPT OF PEACE: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE 17 technologies to fight wars from faraway places.8 Indirect rule policies are now tools to foreign domineering powers, and the purpose for them is expressly to destabilize the African continent so that they remain in control when they are looked to for solutions to African problems.92 THE CONCEPT OF PEACE: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE 17 technologies to fight wars from faraway places.8 Indirect rule policies are now tools to foreign domineering powers, and the purpose for them is expressly to destabilize the African continent so that they remain in control when they are looked to for solutions to African problems.9 Historical background. Peace and conflict studies is both a pedagogical activity, in which teachers transmit knowledge to students; and a research activity, in which researchers create new knowledge about the sources of conflict. Peace and conflict studies entails understanding the concept of peace which is defined as political condition that ... Yet there are aspects of Plato’s work, based upon the teaching of Socrates, which may constitute such a source. Within his major work Politeia (Republic), Plato focuses on what makes for justice, an important element in any broad concept of peace. Plato, in effect, presents a peace plan based upon his city-state.Pax Romana. The Pax Romana ( Latin for "Roman peace") is a roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonial power, and regional expansion. This is despite several revolts and wars, and continuing ... The concept of peace is more clearly understood in comparison with the concept of violence. Direct violence, the popularly understood meaning of violence, is referred to physical injuries and the infliction of pain that is caused by a specific person. Structural violence is apparent in social systems maintained by exploitative means throughout ... Jan 1, 2002 · According to I.M. Harris and M.L.Morrison (2003), peace education is both a philosophy and a process that involves the acquisition of skills, attitudes and knowledge to create a safe world, to ... Yet there are aspects of Plato’s work, based upon the teaching of Socrates, which may constitute such a source. Within his major work Politeia (Republic), Plato focuses on what makes for justice, an important element in any broad concept of peace. Plato, in effect, presents a peace plan based upon his city-state.Abstract. This article examines the concept of peace from the perspective of the Bible and the Qur'an, in this respect, the researchers see some similarities and diversities instead of from ...The paper examines ontological presuppositions and epistemological branches of Peace and Conflict Studies. It describes the narrower use of the concepts ‗ontology‘ and ‗epistemology‘ as sub-branch and branch of philosophy respectively and later focus on their meanings in the context of particular areas of inquiry. 2 THE CONCEPT OF PEACE: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE 17 technologies to fight wars from faraway places.8 Indirect rule policies are now tools to foreign domineering powers, and the purpose for them is expressly to destabilize the African continent so that they remain in control when they are looked to for solutions to African problems.9 This research focuses on Johan Galtung’s theory of the culture of peace. Based on his thoughts, the problems in this study are: 1). What is Johan Galtung's concept of a culture of peace? 2).On the right is the nefer hieroglyph. ( Wikimedia Commons) Besides meaning “peace” in the Ramesses-Hattušili treaty, the word hetep has other senses, including “rest,” “offering,” and “contentment.”. Hetep is the “rest” of a deity in its shrine, the dead in the tomb, and the Egyptian king on the throne. As “offering ... Jan 1, 2002 · According to I.M. Harris and M.L.Morrison (2003), peace education is both a philosophy and a process that involves the acquisition of skills, attitudes and knowledge to create a safe world, to ... Positive peace. – defined by a more lasting peace that is built on sustainable investments in economic development and institutions as well as societal attitudes that foster peace. - can be used to gauge the resilience of a society, or its ability to absorb shocks without falling or relapsing into conflict. Positive Peace opposes what is ... Jan 1, 2019 · Diverse views have been expressed on this concept depending on the ecology observed by writers and scholars. However, a ubiquitous element could be drawn that peacemaking would only subsist when ... 5. cessation of or freedom from any strife or dissension. 6. freedom of the mind from annoyance, distraction, anxiety, an obsession, etc.; tranquility; serenity. 7. a state of tranquility or ...A concept closely related to peace and violence is human security, which recognises the interrelation between violence and deprivation of all kinds. It concerns the protection of individuals and communities from both the direct threat of physical violence and the indirect threats that result from poverty and other forms of social, economic or ...This article explores the African religious, cultural and philosophical dimensions of peace, conflict and conflict transformation. It seeks to examine African traditional religious and philosophical ideas as resources for the promotion of peace and justice and their implications for intra-state and inter-state conflict resolution activities. The seemingly indefinable notion of love is an important agent in much of Mythology, the source for many rewards, punishments, motivations, and deceptions. The myths treat love in a way that is different from most of our modern-day ideas of love. In creation myths, love is described as a force, and it is out of love that Earth arises.A concept closely related to peace and violence is human security, which recognises the interrelation between violence and deprivation of all kinds. It concerns the protection of individuals and communities from both the direct threat of physical violence and the indirect threats that result from poverty and other forms of social, economic or ... The Concept of Peace 1.1. Positive Peace and Negative Peace Peace is defined as ‘a political condition that ensures justice and social stability through formal and informal institutions, practices and norms’ Miller and King (2003). Peace is not just the absence of violence, it is much more. Peace is best understood through the concepts of ...Jan 1, 2018 · Peace Education is being considered to be both a philosophy and a process involving multiple skills including conflict resolution and cooperation, holding patience, calm listening, problem solving ... The same factors that create lasting peace also lead to many other positive outcomes that societies aspire to, including: thriving economies. better performance on ecological measures. high levels ...Dec 7, 2008 · This article introduces the concept of diplomatic peace. It starts by developing a heuristic frame for identifying understandings of peace embraced by the actors we study. This frame encompasses ... Positive peace. – defined by a more lasting peace that is built on sustainable investments in economic development and institutions as well as societal attitudes that foster peace. - can be used to gauge the resilience of a society, or its ability to absorb shocks without falling or relapsing into conflict. Positive Peace opposes what is ... A concept closely related to peace and violence is human security, which recognises the interrelation between violence and deprivation of all kinds. It concerns the protection of individuals and communities from both the direct threat of physical violence and the indirect threats that result from poverty and other forms of social, economic or ...Abstract. This article examines the concept of peace from the perspective of the Bible and the Qur'an, in this respect, the researchers see some similarities and diversities instead of from ... Jan 1, 2023 · As the concept evolved “through a convergence between the agendas of peace research, conflict management, and conflict resolution,” it came to rest “upon an implicit agreement between international actors – United Nations, International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) – on a peacebuilding ... Speaking at the International Conference to promote resolution of the conflict in the Basque Country, co-sponsored by Conciliation Resources. Peacebuilding is a long-term process of encouraging people to talk, repairing relationships, and reforming institutions. For positive change to last, everyone affected by a destructive conflict has to be ...CONCEPT OF PEACE It is well known that human beings pay much interest in peace from the ancient time until now. Because the word ―peace‖, apart from being a pleasant word, also refers to the peaceful society and the beautiful world. It can be stated that peace is the greatest and highest goal or hope Here are some important benefits of Peace in Islam: Peace is a mental peace without disturbing thoughts. Peace is dedicated our lives to prayer or spirituality. Peace is to embrace feelings rather than ignoring. Peace is recognizing our control over our moods. Peace is taking responsibility for your reactions.Jan 1, 2019 · Diverse views have been expressed on this concept depending on the ecology observed by writers and scholars. However, a ubiquitous element could be drawn that peacemaking would only subsist when ... 1- Peace in the sense of peace. 2- Peace in the sense of negative or positive neutrality. In Latin, the word peace means non-danger and the cradle of elevation. Peace in the terminology does not deviate from the linguistic meaning, as the concept of peace from negative peace (meaning the absence of war, conflicts and conflicts) has expanded to ...It depicts the concept of peace expressed in the blessing of Aaron found in Numbers 6:24, wherein it sums up all other blessings and is closely associated with the presence of God. Peace is the result of God’s presence in a person’s life as God is the source of peace (Psalm 85:8).Peace education is the process of acquiring values, knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors to live in harmony with oneself, others, and the natural environment . There are numerous United Nations declarations and resolutions on the importance of peace. [1] Much has been written about the concept of the “liberal peace” that was used as a model for peacebuilding in the 1990s. The advocates of this approach were the western countries who saw themselves as the winners of the Cold War. The western liberal democracies, their civil societies, and the international institutions in 2.2.2 The Cooperation Principle . Cooperation depends on expectations aligned with power. Through conflict in a specific situation, a balance of powers and associated agreement are achieved. This balance is a definite equilibrium among the parties' interests, capabilities, and wills; the agreement is a simultaneous solution to the different equations of power, and thereby the achievement of a ...A deep irony underlies the concept of peace in these three great Western religious systems. Christianity, for example, gave rise to one of the great warrior traditions in the world, yet it is unique among Western religions in the degree to which it was founded upon a message of peace, love, and nonviolence. Positive peace. – defined by a more lasting peace that is built on sustainable investments in economic development and institutions as well as societal attitudes that foster peace. - can be used to gauge the resilience of a society, or its ability to absorb shocks without falling or relapsing into conflict. Positive Peace opposes what is ...Apr 17, 2023 · This secondary data base research, elucidates the concept of peace and ways to attain peace in a violence based world. Discover the world's research. 25+ million members; The meaning of PEACE is a state of tranquility or quiet. How to use peace in a sentence.The Meaning of Peace. In English, the word "peace" conjures up a passive picture, one showing an absence of civil disturbance or hostilities, or a personality free from internal and external strife. The biblical concept of peace is larger than that and rests heavily on the Hebrew root slm, which means "to be complete" or "to be sound."Positive peace. – defined by a more lasting peace that is built on sustainable investments in economic development and institutions as well as societal attitudes that foster peace. - can be used to gauge the resilience of a society, or its ability to absorb shocks without falling or relapsing into conflict. Positive Peace opposes what is ... This article explores the African religious, cultural and philosophical dimensions of peace, conflict and conflict transformation. It seeks to examine African traditional religious and philosophical ideas as resources for the promotion of peace and justice and their implications for intra-state and inter-state conflict resolution activities.1.2 Understanding the Concept of Peace 1.2.1 Peace Traditions 1.2.2 Peace Movements 1.2.3 Peace-building 1.2.4 Peace-building Approaches 1.2.5 Conflict Transformation 1.3 State and Civil Society as Instruments of Peace 1.4 Gandhi as an Ambassador of Peace 1.4.1 Gandhi’s twin-principles of Peace: Truth and Non-violence 1.4.2 Truth 1.4.3 Non ... It depicts the concept of peace expressed in the blessing of Aaron found in Numbers 6:24, wherein it sums up all other blessings and is closely associated with the presence of God. Peace is the result of God’s presence in a person’s life as God is the source of peace (Psalm 85:8).On the right is the nefer hieroglyph. ( Wikimedia Commons) Besides meaning “peace” in the Ramesses-Hattušili treaty, the word hetep has other senses, including “rest,” “offering,” and “contentment.”. Hetep is the “rest” of a deity in its shrine, the dead in the tomb, and the Egyptian king on the throne. As “offering ... The Concept of Peace 1.1. Positive Peace and Negative Peace Peace is defined as ‘a political condition that ensures justice and social stability through formal and informal institutions, practices and norms’ Miller and King (2003). Peace is not just the absence of violence, it is much more. Peace is best understood through the concepts of ... Abstract. "Peace" means many things to many people. Ranging from the mere "absence of war" to a condition of stable group cooperation to a feeling of individual tranquility, peace performs a great ...Peace Education is being considered to be both a philosophy and a process involving multiple skills including conflict resolution and cooperation, holding patience, calm listening, problem solving ...1.2 Understanding the Concept of Peace 1.2.1 Peace Traditions 1.2.2 Peace Movements 1.2.3 Peace-building 1.2.4 Peace-building Approaches 1.2.5 Conflict Transformation 1.3 State and Civil Society as Instruments of Peace 1.4 Gandhi as an Ambassador of Peace 1.4.1 Gandhi’s twin-principles of Peace: Truth and Non-violence 1.4.2 Truth 1.4.3 Non ... Peace Journalism Elements. 1. PJ is proactive, examining the causes of conflict, and leading discussions about solutions. 2. PJ looks to unite parties, rather than divide them, and eschews oversimplified “us vs. them” and “good guy vs. bad guy” reporting. 3. Peace reporters reject official propaganda, and instead seek facts from all ...The paper examines ontological presuppositions and epistemological branches of Peace and Conflict Studies. It describes the narrower use of the concepts ‗ontology‘ and ‗epistemology‘ as sub-branch and branch of philosophy respectively and later focus on their meanings in the context of particular areas of inquiry.5. cessation of or freedom from any strife or dissension. 6. freedom of the mind from annoyance, distraction, anxiety, an obsession, etc.; tranquility; serenity. 7. a state of tranquility or ...Yet there are aspects of Plato’s work, based upon the teaching of Socrates, which may constitute such a source. Within his major work Politeia (Republic), Plato focuses on what makes for justice, an important element in any broad concept of peace. Plato, in effect, presents a peace plan based upon his city-state.In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: / ˈ p ɜː r. s i. ə s /, UK: / ˈ p ɜː. sj uː s /; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty . He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon , the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles . [1] According to Kanti Bajpai, the concept of peace can be defined on the basis of another three different perspectives. “Firstly, peace as the mere absence of war, that is a hegemonic of deterrent peace, secondly peace as functional and economic interaction, what could be called a transactional peace and peace as a social condition in which accommodation rather than force mediate change ...Abstract. Islam is often described as a religion that emphasizes the use of violence in its da'wah method. The stereotype is formed by a number of literature and media that depicted Islam as a ...Mar 1, 2022 · Here are some important benefits of Peace in Islam: Peace is a mental peace without disturbing thoughts. Peace is dedicated our lives to prayer or spirituality. Peace is to embrace feelings rather than ignoring. Peace is recognizing our control over our moods. Peace is taking responsibility for your reactions. The same factors that create lasting peace also lead to many other positive outcomes that societies aspire to, including: thriving economies. better performance on ecological measures. high levels ...May 7, 2005 · 1. Introduction 2. Summary of the Dialogue 3. Overall Interpretations of the Theaetetus 4. The Introduction to the Dialogue: 142a–145e 5. Definition by Examples: 146a–151d 6. First Definition (D1): “Knowledge is Perception”: 151e–187a 6.1 The Definition of Knowledge as Perception: 151d–e Peacebuilding is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict. It revolves around developing constructive personal, group, and political relationships across ethnic, religious, class, national, and racial boundaries. "The biblical concept of peace… rests heavily on the Hebrew root "sh-l-m", which means to be complete or to be sound. The verb conveys both a dynamic and a static meaning—to be complete or whole or to live well. The noun had many nuances, but can be grouped into four categories: (1) shalom as wholeness of life or body (i.e., health);

2.2.2 The Cooperation Principle . Cooperation depends on expectations aligned with power. Through conflict in a specific situation, a balance of powers and associated agreement are achieved. This balance is a definite equilibrium among the parties' interests, capabilities, and wills; the agreement is a simultaneous solution to the different equations of power, and thereby the achievement of a .... Where to buy elmer

the concept of perceu

This article introduces the concept of diplomatic peace. It starts by developing a heuristic frame for identifying understandings of peace embraced by the actors we study. This frame encompasses ...As the concept evolved “through a convergence between the agendas of peace research, conflict management, and conflict resolution,” it came to rest “upon an implicit agreement between international actors – United Nations, International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) – on a peacebuilding ...Earth Day is an annual event on April 22 to demonstrate support for environmental protection. First held on April 22, 1970, it now includes a wide range of events coordinated globally by EARTHDAY.ORG (formerly Earth Day Network) [1] including 1 billion people in more than 193 countries. [2] [1] [3] The official theme for 2023 is Invest In Our ... "The biblical concept of peace… rests heavily on the Hebrew root "sh-l-m", which means to be complete or to be sound. The verb conveys both a dynamic and a static meaning—to be complete or whole or to live well. The noun had many nuances, but can be grouped into four categories: (1) shalom as wholeness of life or body (i.e., health);Abstract. This article develops a theory of peace as freedom that explains some important relationships between peace and development. It does this by critically examining and then synthesizing ...Abstract. This article examines the concept of peace from the perspective of the Bible and the Qur'an, in this respect, the researchers see some similarities and diversities instead of from ... A dichotomous negative and positive peace framework is perhaps the most widely used today. Negative peace refers to the absence of direct violence. Positive peace refers to the absence of indirect and structural violence, and is the concept that most peace and conflict researchers adopt. The basic distinction between positive and negative peace ... Galtung (1981) presented an argument that the peace concept that dominates contemporary peace theory and practice is the Roman "pax" and it serves the interests of the powerful to maintain status quo in the society. Galtung felt a need for a richer peace concept reflecting the social cosmologies of the world for creating conditions for peace.(1967: 12) describes it as an “umbrella concept”. To him, it is a state of mind felt as a consequence of the actualization of certain stated human desires. That is, it is a feeling of internal serenity as a result of external stability. Galtung (1967) also describes peace as touching the concept of law and order. That is, anOne can make a peace treaty; shalom is the condition of peace. Peace can be negative, the absence of commotion. Shalom is positive, the presence of serenity. Peace can be partial; shalom is whole. Peace can be piecemeal; shalom is complete. The mystical writings of the Zohar teach that God is peace, His name is peace and all is bound together ...Democratic peace theory. French President Charles de Gaulle shaking hands with West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in Bonn, in 1963. Proponents of "democratic peace theory" argue that both liberal and republican forms of democracy are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies. Different advocates of this theory ...Question 1: What is the importance of peace? Answer 1: Peace is the way that helps us prevent inequity and violence. It is no less than a golden ticket to enter a new and bright future for mankind. Moreover, everyone plays an essential role in this so that everybody can get a more equal and peaceful world.May 1, 2008 · 5. This paper does not claim to cover or explain IR theory comprehensively — it is already perhaps over ambitious — or to move beyond its western corpus (as it probably should) but it endeavours to be particularly sensitive to the claims of IR theory about the pros and cons of even having a debate about peace. 6. 6. .

Popular Topics